All man's history wrote Norman Cousins
is an endeavor to shatter his loneliness
in today's world with all the
technologies built to connect us
loneliness one would think would be
easily shattered but the more we get
drawn into the virtual worlds of social
media the worse we tend to feel to
account for this it is suggested that
the medium is the problem we have become
over reliant on connecting through our
devices at the expense of more
traditional ways of social interaction
but while there is likely some truth to
this assertion we are
going to put forth the argument that it
is an inner emptiness or the lack of a
well-defined ineffectual sense of self
that is the root cause of the loneliness
experienced by so many in our day one
sense of self can be seen as existing on
a spectrum on the one side of the
spectrum are those with a strong sense
of self such people feel they have a
place in the world they know what they
want with their lives and they take the
necessary actions to move in the
direction of their goals on the other
side of the spectrum are those with a
weak sense of self these are the empty
men and women such individuals lack a
clear conception of what they want with
their life they have no long term goals
around which to structure their days and
so they feel powerless to positively
influence their situation these people
tend to drift through life in a passive
manner they follow the path of least
resistance and are often crippled by
existential doubts this problem of
emptiness which now afflicts so many in
the West is a symptom of a society in a
period of flux for oneself hood or lack
thereof is influenced by the social
structures of one's day in the West many
of the institution's which in the past
help people find their place in the
world have fallen to the wayside the
decline of Christianity for example has
left the West lacking a religious or
cultural myth to which people can turn
to in order to find a place in this
world in a meaning to their life the
growth of the state has also been a
force which has contributed to this
pathology of emptiness for the rise of
the state has led to the destruction of
smaller communities and the degradation
of the family unit which for millennia
have been integral forces in the
development of one's self hood but what
has really exacerbated this problem for
the younger generations are unfavorable
economic conditions for even if one
struggled to find a deeper meaning
their life in the mid-to-late 20th
century at least one could fall back on
the so-called American Dream and by
establishing a stable career purchasing
a home and raising a family one could
develop a more or less adequate sense of
self but for the most part this dream is
dead and the confluence of all these
forces has created a society full of
hollow men and women a society inflicted
by a pathology of emptiness is also a
society full of anxiety ridden
individuals for if we feel ourselves to
be powerless to exert control over our
life and uncertain of our ability to
face up to the challenges of our
environment then anxiety is a natural
response and for the hollow man this
anxiety is most strongly felt during
periods of Solitude if we have no other
people around to lean on or to distract
us than our thoughts turn inward and
this leads the hollow among us to become
aware of their inner void therefore
unlike an individual with a strong and
individuated sense of self for whom
periods of Solitude can be rejuvenating
solitude for the hollow man is
experienced as a painful loneliness and
something he must flee from in
generations past the hollow man would
turn to the comfort and security of
friends and family or take part in
social events to avoid the anxiety that
was triggered in times of solitude but
in the present day we don't even need to
leave the comfort of our home to find
the social connections necessary to
block out awareness of our emptiness
instead we merely need to turn to the
comforting glow of our phones and
immerse ourselves in the virtual worlds
of social media we can even go as far as
to construct a pseudo self to mask over
our empty nature by selectively posting
bits of information about our life
online we can pretend to be someone we
are not and feed off the social
validation offered by the others who
participate in this game this defensive
mechanism used by the hollow man or
woman whereby they flee to the comfort
of the crowd to avoid the anxiety
triggered in times of solitude is also
utilized by pre-psychotic individuals in
the attempt to avoid a psychotic break
in his book interpretation of
schizophrenia
Silvano Arrietty describes how this
process unfolds in the case of
schizophrenic s' in some cases writes
Arrietty schizophrenia starts with a
period of confusion excitement and
agitation the patient seems to
eager to make contacts to reach all the
people he knows to reconnect himself
with what seems to be an escaping world
he searches for something that he cannot
find what the schizophrenic is searching
for is also what the hollow man lacks a
secure sense of self in its extreme form
writes the psychologist Rollo May this
fear of losing oneself is the fear of
psychosis the outward turned to the
security of the social world usually
fails to protect one on the cusp of a
psychotic break and so too does the
outward turn to the world of social
media ultimately failed to protect the
hollow man from his anxiety and
loneliness this solution is like placing
a bandaid on a gunshot wound as the
social validation that is gained through
social media use is as empty as the
people who granted for as Rollo may
noted in his book man's search for
himself the hollow among us are bound to
become more lonely no matter how much
they lean together for hollow people do
not have a base from which to learn to
love but what makes this defense against
emptiness particularly harmful is that
it prevents people from taking the
necessary steps to address their lack of
a self the human being wrote may cannot
live in a condition of emptiness for
very long if he is not growing toward
something he does not merely stagnate
the pent-up potentialities turn into
morbidity and despair and eventually
into destructive activities the true
antidote to an inner emptiness is to
discover what we truly want with our
life and to take the actions necessary
to bring that self and life into
existence to accomplish this we must be
willing to face up to our loneliness and
the anxiety which accompanies it for
loneliness as Edward Ettinger put it in
his book ego in the archetype is a
precursor to the positive experience of
aloneness and it is in periods of
aloneness that we can begin to learn who
we are and what we want with our life
this process is epitomized by the
archetype of the hero's journey or as
Joseph Campbell explains the call is to
leave a certain social situation move
into your own loneliness and find the
jewel the center that's impossible to
find when you're socially engaged this
is the departure when the hero feels
something has been lost and goes to find
it the first step detachment or
withdrawal consists in a radical
transfer of emphasis from the
to the internal world a retreat from the
desperations of the wasteland to the
peace of the everlasting realm that is
within but this realm as we know from
psychoanalysis is precisely the
infantile unconscious it is the realm
that we enter in sleep we carry it
within ourselves forever all the life
potentialities that we never managed to
bring to adult realization those other
portions of ourselves are there for such
golden seeds do not die facing up to our
aloneness and cultivating the golden
seeds of our being is no easy task
as it requires that we take the bold
step of diminishing our need for social
validation for to develop a strong sense
of self we must distinguish ourselves
psychologically from our peers each of
us is unique we have different and they
talents likes and dislikes and so as we
strengthen our sense of self it is
inevitable that we will become less like
those around us but we must not think
that this process will turn us into
outsiders who reject the social world
rather those who cultivate a strong
sense of self only improve their social
skills and enrich their relationships
for a person who possesses the inner
strength associated with a well-defined
self will not be held back in their
social interactions by anxiety or the
need for validation instead a strong
sense of self will free us to behave
with spontaneity which is one of the
most attractive of human characteristics
and as the etymology of the word implies
acting spontaneously means acting in
accordance with our will something that
is only possible after we have developed
a strong sense of self if we dare to
take this journey not everyone will
approve in some of the people who we
considered friends may even treat us
with disdain for to see a man move
beyond the chains of his emptiness only
makes the hollow man more aware of his
barren nature whereas Nietzsche wrote in
the spoke zarathustra injustice and
filth they throw after the lonely one
but my brother if you would be a star
you must not shine less for them because
of that and beware of the good and the
just they like to crucify those who
invent their own virtue for themselves
they hate the lonely one
you
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